Enhancing Food Security for Smallholder Farmers in a Changing Climate Environment: A Case of Ismani Division, Iringa District - Tanzania

Abstract

Climate change presents significant hurdles to food security, particularly for smallholder farmers and vulnerable populations in developing nations. Consequently, responses to climate change and variability play a crucial role in ensuring their food security. While smallholder farmers in Ismani Division, Iringa District, have implemented various adaptation strategies, there remains a gap in understanding their effectiveness amidst changing climatic conditions. This study aimed to analyze the adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers in Ismani Division, Iringa District, to mitigate the impacts of climate change on food security. Specifically, the research sought answers to the following questions: Do smallholder farmers perceive climate change? How does climate change affect smallholder farmers? What adaptation strategies do smallholder farmers employ to address the impacts of climate change? How effective are these strategies in enhancing food security for smallholder farmers? Ismani Division was purposefully selected for its semi-arid characteristics, which render it particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. Employing a cross-sectional research design, the study utilized a multistage sampling technique to select divisions, wards, villages, and households. A total of 120 respondents were randomly from selected wards, villages, and households. Quantitative data were collected through household surveys, while qualitative data were gathered through key informant interviews. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for quantitative data, and content analysis for qualitative data. The findings underscored the significance of small scale livestock keeping as a key adaptation strategy against the impacts of climate change, contributing significantly to improving food security among smallholder farmers in Ismani Division. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders provide support to smallholder farmers in implementing effective adaptation strategies to enhance food security. This study sheds light on the vital role of adaptation strategies in bolstering food security for smallholder farmers in the face of climate change. By understanding 217 and promoting effective adaptation measures, stakeholders can work towards ensuring sustainable food security for vulnerable agricultural communities